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Why use PROTIFERT an Amino Acids & Peptide Concentrates (APC)

 

Effect on plant metabolism –biosynthesis

 

Amino-acids are the components of proteins and enzymes which are basic constituents of all living

organisms and of cell metabolism. Plants are able to synthesize amino acids from the assimilation of

ammonium. The organically bound nitrogen from glutamate and glutamine is used for the biosynthesis of

amino acids. The individual amino acids are coupled by peptide bonds in a condensation reaction.

Proteins are typically polypeptides formed from more than 100 individual amino acids and its molecular

weight is greater than 10,000 Dalton.

 

NO3-                Amino acids            Proteins, Enzymes          Photo-

NH4+      ----à  Peptides      -----à                                ---à   synthesis

 

 

The beneficial effect of APC on plants suffering from physiological or environmental stress (drought,

extreme temperatures, sunburn, transplanting stress, etc.) is well researched. As a result, amino acid

sprays are standard practice in many countries. Besides their role as components of proteins and in plant

metabolism, amino acids and peptides fulfill many other beneficial and useful roles.

 

Effect of APC on plant health

 

It has been known for many years that amino acids and peptides can decrease the incidence of certain

plant diseases. Amongst the actice compounds are some of the sulphur-containing amino acids. It had

reported on the nematostatic effect of an APC on Globodera rostochiensis on potatoes after foliar

application (Kovacs). A significant reduction in larval and egg masses was seen. Jacob noted a significant

reduction of fruit damage induced by sharka (plum pox virus) in plums after multiple treatments with an

APC. APC have also been linked to reduced pre-harvest fruit fall in stone fruit probably due to a hormonalnutritional effect.

 

Effect of APC on pollen germination and fruit set

 

Italian studies on olive cultivars APC enhanced in vivo pollen tube elongation. In joint application with

boron, pollen tube germination ability could be improved. These processes are a good basis for optimum

fruit set, particularly in olive cultivars known for their high level of self-incompatibility.

 

APC increase bio-availability of micronutrients

 

The amino acids are able to chemically bind metals like Manganese, Iron and Zinc as well as Calcium and

Magnesium which are naturally present in the spray water or are added deliberately.

 

                                                                Ca++, Mg++

 

 

2 glycine and 1 water                                                  2 Histidine and 1 asparagyne

 

 

The amino acid-metal-complex form is absorbed by plant tissue faster and effectively. It is also particularly

involved in long-distance transport inside the plant.

 

APC increase pesticide efficacy

 

Amino acid-Peptide-Concentrates in joint application with pesticides may inhance the efficacy of such

products. For giving an example, APC could increase the efficacy of the fungicide Vinclozolin (Ronilan)

against Botrytis in grapes

 

 

Products               Dosage                  Treatments/Timing            Degree of attack                 Efficacy

(Towsend/Heuberger)

(Abbott)

Ronilan                  150 g/hl                                 4 sprays (3.07-31.08)         25,11                                      31,70

 

Ronilan +

APC                        150 g/hl                 4 sprays (3.07-31.08)         14.30                                      60.8

               

250 g/hl

 

(Source: Leandri et al., 1986)

 

How PROTIFERT Amino improve pesticide efficacy

 

The extraordinary adhesiveness improves the rainfastness of the pesticide

 

Improved wetting properties (PROTIFERT, APC = natural surfactant)

 

Optimizing pH-value of the spray solution

 

 

 

 

PROTIFERTI Amino Acid

 

The most advanced and controlled protein hydrolysis (= protein cleavage) technology product

 

Controlled hydrolysis/cleavage of protein from natural resources finally leads to amino acid and peptide

concentrates:

 

POLYPEPTIDE     X                       HYDROLYSIS            AMINO ACID

+H3NCHRCONHCHR'COO- + H2O                             +H3NCHRCOO- + +H3NCHR'COO

 

As a function of the selected hydrolysis process, the amino acids are partially present in free form and as

amino acid-chains of low or medium molecular weight that we define chemically as polypeptides.

Although plants may contain up to 200 different amino acids, only about 20 of them are really required for

protein synthesis (protein-genic amino acids).

 

PROTIFERT is different APC by quality and source of amino acid.

 

Source of PROTIFERT APC:

 

"Collagen protein" which founds in borne, tooth, tenden or skin of mammalians is the source. As we

know the collagen protein is composed by mainly Glycin (about 30%), Proline and hydroxyproline (about

30%). The composition of amino acids in Protifert is different from other products which amino acids are

derived from different protein source. Considering the biochemical function of Glycin and Proline/hydroproline in plant, the gaining of Protifert product is visual.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fig 1. Free and total Amino acid in Protifert

 

 

 

                                                                                                                                                                                            

 

 

 

Table1. Physiological functions of main amino acid in plant metabolism

 

AMINO ACID BIOCHEMICAL ACTION

AMINO ACID                          BIOCHEMICAL ACTIONA

MINO ACID BIOCHEMICAL ACTION

GLYCINE                                 -Precursor of chlorophyll

 

PROLINE &

HYDROXYPROLINE                -Regulators of the water equilibrium (strong antistress & antisenescence effect)

-Formation of the cell walls (nematostatic action)

-Essential to form fertile pollen in flowers (better fruit-setting)

 

GLUTAMIC ACID &                  -organic Nitrogen reserve to form other amino acids and proteins through transaminase

GLUTAMINE                                             reactions

 

 

SERINE                                    -Regulator of water equilibrium, very important for the chlorophyll synthesis

 

ARGINI NE                               -Precursor of polyamines: very important to start the cell multiplication

 

PHENYLALANINE                    -Precursor of the formation of the lignine, formation of the wooden tissuesand stronger

 

ALANINE                                 -Plays a very important role in the hormone metabolism and in themechanisms of virus

 

TRYPTOPHAN                         -Precursor of indol-acetic acid, the natural auxine PGR

 

PROTIFERT APC - Molecular weight and characteristics:

 

Both Glycin and Proline are neutral non-polar amino acid. Small in molecular weight by it's smaller size.

They exist in Protifert as oligopeptide or polypeptide form which are short chain or free amino acid form.

This is a critical point for amino acid based plant nutrition product. Because of it is known that if molecular

weight of amino acid is greater than 5,000 Dalton, it is hardly transferred through plant membrane. The

greater size of amino acid is non bio-bio-available for the plant.

 

 

 

PROTIFERT is a combination of free amino acids and of Low Molecular Weight (LMW) peptides. Free

amino acids are rapidly absorbed through the cuticle and assimilated into the metabolism. LMW-peptides

are absorbed as well but also responsible for the improved physical properties of spray mixtures. As a

result, PROTIFERT is the ideal APC - product combining biostimulant effects with improved performance

of pesticide spray solutions.

 

PROTIFERT contains 50 % (w/v) of amino acids (500 g per liter), approx. 15 % of free amino acid

nitrogen (w/v) and residual hormonal activity derived from natural auxins.

 

Protifert Amino acid concentrate –physico-chemical characteristics

 

Water                                     40           Free amino acids               15

 

Organic matter                     51                          Salts                         9

 

Total nitrogen                       8.5          Heavy metals                       undetectable

 

Organic nitrogen                  8.0         Density (20C)                       1.27

 

Ammonium nitrogen           0.5 Ph    (sol. 10%)                            6~7

 

Organic carbon                    23           Viscosity (20C) 500 cP

 

Amino acids & peptides     50           Solubility in water                                total

 

PROTI product is Organic product accredited by IFOAM (International Federation of Organic

Agriculture Movement)

 

By this nature Protifert product response from the applied plant is quick. Results are visualized within 3-7

days after treatment. Also the effectiveness continued longer in about 10~14 days period.